One study evaluated the BDI, 1 study evaluated the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), 1 study evaluated the BDI and the CES-D, and 1 study evaluated the Clinical Interview Schedule–Revised. New York: Multi-health Systems, Inc.; 1992. The USPSTF concludes that MDD screening itself is unlikely to be associated with significant harms, aside from opportunity costs, labeling and potential stigma associated with a positive screening result, and referral for further evaluation and treatment. No trials of psychotherapy or combined interventions in children examined harms. A modified version of the EPDS is included as part of the Family Questions section in the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC).. Only 4 studies examined the harms of treatment with SSRIs in children and adolescents. The USPSTF recommends screening for MDD in all adolescents but notes that several risk factors might help identify patients who are at higher risk for MDD. Screen yourself or a family member for an anxiety disorder, depression, OCD, PTSD, or a phobia. The inventory contains 21 self-report items which individuals complete using multiple choice response formats. Screening negative on a screening test, however, does not always preclude referral when clinical judgment or parental concerns suggest otherwise. The USPSTF found adequate evidence on the harms of psychotherapy and psychosocial support in adolescents and estimates that the magnitude of these harms is small to none. A list of examples of validated screening tools is available from the American Academy of Pediatrics external icon. Additional materials to help with suicide risk screening implementation are available in The Ask Suicide-Screening Questions (ASQ) Toolkit, a free resource for use in medical settings (emergency department, inpatient medical/surgical … The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17. • Use of screening tools to aide in identification of children and adolescents with depression and anxiety disorders . The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. Patients randomly assigned to the collaborative care group had an initial in-person session that included their parents, choice of treatment type(s), and regular follow-up with depression care managers (28% received psychotherapy alone, 4% received pharmacotherapy alone, and 54% received both). The USPSTF does not consider the costs of providing a service in this assessment. MDD also increases the risk for suicide. Author Information . Depression screening, reported with 96127, is typically a covered preventive service for adolescents age 12 to 18 and is a quality measure in many pediatric quality initiatives. In addition, children may be more likely than adults to attempt to give what they believe to be the desired answers rather than answers that represent their true feelings. The scale emerged from a longer inventory of 37 items that had been described in the literature as associated with major depressive syndromes in childhood. Members of the USPSTF at the time this recommendation was finalized were as follows: Albert L. Siu, MD, MSPH, Chair (Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, and James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY); Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, PhD, MD, MAS, Co-Vice Chair (University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA); David C. Grossman, MD, MPH, Co-Vice Chair (Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA); Linda Ciofu Baumann, PhD, RN, APRN (University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI); Karina W. Davidson, PhD, MASc (Columbia University, New York, NY); Mark Ebell, MD, MS (University of Georgia, Athens, GA); Francisco A.R. Everything feels more challenging when you're dealing with depression. Tool by Author/Owner. POTENTIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST: The authors have indicated they have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. Screening for adolescent depression: a comparison of depression scales. 4 Depression. Reviewers collected patient demographics, indicated any depression screening and screening with a validated tool (PHQ-2/PHQ-9), and recorded initial plans of care (follow-up with primary care practitioner, referral to mental health professional, or depression already being addressed) for the eligible population. The information will not be recorded or shared. Screening for Depression in Children and Adolescents: Clinical Summary. [published online ahead of print February 9, 2016]. • PHQ-9 Modified for • Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-Y) Screening positive on an initial screening test does not necessarily indicate the need for treatment. A raw score on the test is essentially meaningless without a professional's interpretation, so parents should always discuss the meaning of the results with the professional who evaluated the child. No studies included children aged <11 years. The patient health questionnaire for adolescents: validation of an instrument for the assessment of mental disorders among adolescent primary care patients. Trial outcomes included treatment response, which was defined differently across studies; symptom severity; and global functioning. In deciding whether to screen for MDD in children aged ≤11 years, primary care providers may want to consider the following issues. The information will not be recorded or shared. The CES-D studies used different diagnostic cutoff scores.7,8 One study enrolled a slightly younger population than the other (range of 11 to 15 years vs average age of >16 years). The present recommendation applies to children and adolescents aged ≤18 years who do not have a diagnosis of MDD. The CDI is a self-report assessment written at a first-grade reading level, which means that your child will be given the paper and pencil assessment to complete by themselves. Both the American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that depression screening be conducted annually. The short form of the test is generally used as a screening tool, while the long-form is used more often in the diagnosis of depression in children. Gundersen Health System Family Medicine Residency, La Crosse, WI. One CBT trial reported on harms.10 No apparent differences were found in harms-related, suicide-related, or psychiatric adverse events in the CBT versus placebo groups. Evaluation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item for Detecting Major Depression Among Adolescents. Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC) Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS) Major Depression Inventory (MDI) Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) PHQ-9; Mood and … These studies found no increased risk for suicidality associated with the use of antidepressant therapy. Four studies recruited adolescents from school settings and compared the screening test with a diagnostic interview or different depression screening test. 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